Popular Hopes of Reform : The Revolution and World War : Orlando Figes

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Section 1 (Pre-1905)
- Imperial Russia - the Failure of Reform
- Was Nicholas II Fit to Rule?
- The Weakness of Society
- Unstable Pillars
- The Populist Opposition
- The Making of Lenin as a Revolutionary
- What Sort of Marxist Was Lenin?
- The Conditions of the Working Class
- When Does a 'Revolutionary Situation' Start?
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 2 (1905)
- Why was there a Revolution in 1905?
- Bloody Sunday
- 'There is no Tsar'
- Mass Protests
- The Tsar Reacts
- The Petrograd Soviet
- The October Manifesto
- How Should We Explain the Violence of 1905?
- The Moscow Uprising
- What were the Lessons of the 1905 Revolution?
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 3 (1906-14)
- Was Tsarism Reformable?
- Who Was Stolypin and What Did He Stand For?
- The Stolypin Land Reform
- Why Peasants Were Against the 'Wager on the Strong'?
- Authoritarian Reform
- Conservative Opposition to Stolypin
- Stolypin's Fall
- How Stable Was Russia Before 1914?
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 4 (1914-17)
- Patriotic Hopes
- Russia's Military Weaknesses
- War as a Revolutionary Force
- The Great Retreat
- The Patriotic Revolution
- 'The Mad Chauffeur' and the Liberal Dilemma
- Rasputin and the Revolutionary Power of Rumours
- From War to Social Revolution
- The Murder of Rasputin
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 5 (February 1917)
- The February Days
- The Power of the Streets
- Dual Power
- The Downfall of the Monarchy
- The Symbolic Revolution
- The Provisional Government
- Local Revolutions
- Lenin and The April Theses
- The Summer Collapse
- The July Uprising
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 6 (October 1917)
- Kerensky and Kornilov
- Lenin and the October Coup
- The Storming of the Winter Palace
- The Mensheviks' Mistake
- How Many People Took Part in the October Insurrection?
- Establishing the Bolshevik Dictatorship
- The Constituent Assembly
- Revolution and Revenge
- Enemies of the People
- Revolutionary War or Peace?
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 7 (1917-21)
- Origins of the Civil War
- The Red Army
- War Communism
- A Shortcut to Communism?
- A Dictatorship of the Bureaucracy
- Revolution and Terror
- The Decisive Battles
- The Moscow Directive
- Why did the Reds win the Civil War?
- Bolshevism in Retreat
- The Tenth Party Congress
- Legacies of the Civil War
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 8 (1921-24)
- Stalin versus Trotsky
- The Triumvirate
- Lenin's Testament
- The Defeat of Trotsky
- The Left Opposition
- When Did Stalin Come to Power?
- The Cult of Lenin
- Leninism and Stalinism
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 9 (1924-28)
- Socialism with a Mixed Economy
- Opposition to the NEP
- The Scissors Crisis
- What Did the NEP Do for the Peasants?
- The Communist Vanguard
- Towards a Socialist Society
- Making the New Soviet Man
- What Did Being a 'Soviet Person' Mean?
- The End of the NEP
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading>
Section 10 (1928-32)
- The Five Year Plan
- Collectivization
- The War against the 'Kulaks'
- The Human Impact of Collectivization
- The Perpetrators
- Collectivization and the Famine
- Was the Ukrainian Famine a Genocide?
- Stalin's Industrial Revolution
- Economic Growth and Living Standards During the 1930s
- Living Standards in the First Five Year Plan
- Living Standards in the Second Five Year Plan
- The Gulag and Economic Growth
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 11 (1932-36)
- The Crisis of 1932
- The Riutin Platform
- Party Purges
- Origins of the Purges
- The New Stalinist Elites
- The Cult of Stalin
- The Congress of Victors
- Towards the Great Terror
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 12 (1937-38)
- Origins of the Great Terror
- The Show Trials
- How the Terror Spread
- Informers and Denunciations
- Mass Operations
- Explaining the Great Terror
- Impact on Human Relations
- Doubts and Disbelief
- Suspending the Terror
- Legacies of 1937
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 13 (1917-41)
- Hopes of Revolution in Europe
- The Comintern
- The Long Game
- Stalin and Hitler
- United Front
- The Stalin-Hitler Pact
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 14 (1941-45)
- Operation Barbarossa
- Stalin's response to the German Invasion
- Leningrad and Moscow
- Explaining the Soviet Fighting Spirit?
- Sacrifice
- The Spirit of Stalingrad
- Reasons for the Soviet Victory
- 'Spontaneous De-Stalinization'
- Popular Hopes of Reform
- The Clampdown of 1945
- War and the Change in Revolutionary Values
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 15 (1945-53)
- From World War to Cold War
- The Hardening of Positions
- Containment
- Cominformity
- The Post-war Soviet Clampdown
- The Zhdanovshchina
- A Soviet Holocaust?
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 16 (1953-64)
- Stalin's Death
- Why Did People Grieve on Stalin's Death?
- The Struggle for Power
- Khrushchev
- Leninist Renewal
- Virgin Lands Campaign
- The Secret Speech
- The Impact of Khrushchev's Speech
- Hungary 1956
- The Thaw
- Economic Promises
- The Soviet Union and the Third World
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 17 (1964-85)
- The Removal of Khrushchev
- Who Was Brezhnev and What Did He Stand For?
- Economic Stagnation
- The Real Causes of the Soviet Crisis
- Foreign Adventures
- Disenchantment and Dissent
- What Lay Behind the Stability of the Soviet System Before 1985?
- Photos
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
Section 18 (1985-91)
- Causes of the Soviet Collapse
- Gorbachev and the Origins of His Reforms
- Perestroika and Glasnost
- The Party Splits
- The Soviet Empire Collapses
- Nationalism in the Soviet Union
- The August Coup and the Collapse of the Soviet regime
- Gorbachev's Achievement
- Q & A
- Podcast
- Further Reading
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