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Section 1 (Pre-1905)
Imperial Russia - the Failure of Reform
Was Nicholas II Fit to Rule?
The Weakness of Society
Unstable Pillars
The Populist Opposition
The Making of Lenin as a Revolutionary
What Sort of Marxist Was Lenin?
The Conditions of the Working Class
When Does a 'Revolutionary Situation' Start?
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 2 (1905)
Why was there a Revolution in 1905?
Bloody Sunday
'There is no Tsar'
Mass Protests
The Tsar Reacts
The Petrograd Soviet
The October Manifesto
How Should We Explain the Violence of 1905?
The Moscow Uprising
What were the Lessons of the 1905 Revolution?
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 3 (1906-14)
Was Tsarism Reformable?
Who Was Stolypin and What Did He Stand For?
The Stolypin Land Reform
Why Peasants Were Against the 'Wager on the Strong'?
Authoritarian Reform
Conservative Opposition to Stolypin
Stolypin's Fall
How Stable Was Russia Before 1914?
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 4 (1914-17)
Patriotic Hopes
Russia's Military Weaknesses
War as a Revolutionary Force
The Great Retreat
The Patriotic Revolution
'The Mad Chauffeur' and the Liberal Dilemma
Rasputin and the Revolutionary Power of Rumours
From War to Social Revolution
The Murder of Rasputin
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 5 (February 1917)
The February Days
The Power of the Streets
Dual Power
The Downfall of the Monarchy
The Symbolic Revolution
The Provisional Government
Local Revolutions
Lenin and The April Theses
The Summer Collapse
The July Uprising
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 6 (October 1917)
Kerensky and Kornilov
Lenin and the October Coup
The Storming of the Winter Palace
The Mensheviks' Mistake
How Many People Took Part in the October Insurrection?
Establishing the Bolshevik Dictatorship
The Constituent Assembly
Revolution and Revenge
Enemies of the People
Revolutionary War or Peace?
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 7 (1917-21)
Origins of the Civil War
The Red Army
War Communism
A Shortcut to Communism?
A Dictatorship of the Bureaucracy
Revolution and Terror
The Decisive Battles
The Moscow Directive
Why did the Reds win the Civil War?
Bolshevism in Retreat
The Tenth Party Congress
Legacies of the Civil War
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 8 (1921-24)
Stalin versus Trotsky
The Triumvirate
Lenin's Testament
The Defeat of Trotsky
The Left Opposition
When Did Stalin Come to Power?
The Cult of Lenin
Leninism and Stalinism
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 9 (1924-28)
Socialism with a Mixed Economy
Opposition to the NEP
The Scissors Crisis
What Did the NEP Do for the Peasants?
The Communist Vanguard
Towards a Socialist Society
Making the New Soviet Man
What Did Being a 'Soviet Person' Mean?
The End of the NEP
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
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Section 10 (1928-32)
The Five Year Plan
Collectivization
The War against the 'Kulaks'
The Human Impact of Collectivization
The Perpetrators
Collectivization and the Famine
Was the Ukrainian Famine a Genocide?
Stalin's Industrial Revolution
Economic Growth and Living Standards During the 1930s
Living Standards in the First Five Year Plan
Living Standards in the Second Five Year Plan
The Gulag and Economic Growth
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 11 (1932-36)
The Crisis of 1932
The Riutin Platform
Party Purges
Origins of the Purges
The New Stalinist Elites
The Cult of Stalin
The Congress of Victors
Towards the Great Terror
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 12 (1937-38)
Origins of the Great Terror
The Show Trials
How the Terror Spread
Informers and Denunciations
Mass Operations
Explaining the Great Terror
Impact on Human Relations
Doubts and Disbelief
Suspending the Terror
Legacies of 1937
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 13 (1917-41)
Hopes of Revolution in Europe
The Comintern
The Long Game
Stalin and Hitler
United Front
The Stalin-Hitler Pact
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 14 (1941-45)
Operation Barbarossa
Stalin's response to the German Invasion
Leningrad and Moscow
Explaining the Soviet Fighting Spirit?
Sacrifice
The Spirit of Stalingrad
Reasons for the Soviet Victory
'Spontaneous De-Stalinization'
Popular Hopes of Reform
The Clampdown of 1945
War and the Change in Revolutionary Values
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 15 (1945-53)
From World War to Cold War
The Hardening of Positions
Containment
Cominformity
The Post-war Soviet Clampdown
The Zhdanovshchina
A Soviet Holocaust?
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 16 (1953-64)
Stalin's Death
Why Did People Grieve on Stalin's Death?
The Struggle for Power
Khrushchev
Leninist Renewal
Virgin Lands Campaign
The Secret Speech
The Impact of Khrushchev's Speech
Hungary 1956
The Thaw
Economic Promises
The Soviet Union and the Third World
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 17 (1964-85)
The Removal of Khrushchev
Who Was Brezhnev and What Did He Stand For?
Economic Stagnation
The Real Causes of the Soviet Crisis
Foreign Adventures
Disenchantment and Dissent
What Lay Behind the Stability of the Soviet System Before 1985?
Photos
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Section 18 (1985-91)
Causes of the Soviet Collapse
Gorbachev and the Origins of His Reforms
Perestroika and Glasnost
The Party Splits
The Soviet Empire Collapses
Nationalism in the Soviet Union
The August Coup and the Collapse of the Soviet regime
Gorbachev's Achievement
Q & A
Podcast
Further Reading
Teachers Resource
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